“Humanisme Spiritual” dalam Filsafat Transendental Mulla Sadra (al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah) sebagai Asas Implementasi Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to elucidate the concept of spiritual humanism within Mulla Sadra's transcendental philosophy from an axiological perspective and to integrate it with the strengthening of religious moderation in Indonesia.The methodology of research employed is qualitative library research utilizing a descriptive-analytic approach. Primary data sources include Mulla Sadra's seminal works, such as Al-Hikmah al-Muta’aliyah fi Asfar al-Aqliyyah al-Arba’ah, as well as related literature by Haidar Bagir, Muhammad Nur Jabir, and Alwi Shihab. Secondary data were procured from relevant scholarly articles and publications. The findings indicate that Mulla Sadra's spiritual humanism emphasizes substantive motion (al-harakah al-jauhariyah) and the four intellectual journeys (al-asfar al-arba‘ah), thereby merging the vertical dimension (the relationship with God) and the horizontal dimension (social role). The integration of this concept with the religious moderation framework of the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, which is based on justice, tolerance, national commitment, and rejection of violence, is capable of cultivating citizens who are both spiritually and socially mature. In conclusion, Sadra's philosophy provides a robust metaphysical, epistemological, and axiological foundation for the transcendental yet practical implementation of religious moderation in Indonesia