Masyi'atillah dalam Tafsir al-Rāzī dan al-Zamakhsyarī: Studi Komparasi atas Konsep Kebebasan Ilahiyah dan Determinisme

Abstract

The concept of masyi'atillah (God's will) serves as a central point in Islamic theological debates between human free will (ikhtiyar) and determinism (jabr). This study examines a comparative analysis of al-Zamakhsharī's interpretation in Tafsir al-Kāshshāf and al-Rāzī's in Mafātīh al-Ghayb regarding masyi'atillah, particularly in relation to divine freedom and human determinism. Al-Zamakhsharī, representing the Mu'tazilite view, emphasizes that humans have full freedom over their actions and asserts that masyi'atillah does not negate moral responsibility. In contrast, al-Rāzī, with his Ash'arite approach, affirms that all human actions remain within the framework of God's will, although he allows room for limited human agency. This qualitative research employs textual study and comparative analysis of verses concerning qadar, ikhtiyar, and masyi'at. The findings reveal a fundamental difference: al-Zamakhsharī stresses human freedom and responsibility, while al-Rāzī emphasizes the dominance of God's will without entirely closing the door to constrained human will. These findings confirm that the concept of masyi'atillah in Qur'anic exegesis is not monolithic but contains interpretive variants influenced by each exegete's theological school, thereby enriching our understanding of theological dynamics regarding destiny and human freedom