Konsep Jiwa Ibnu Sina dalam Aḥwāl al-Nafs: Analisis Tematik terhadap Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an dan Relevansinya bagi Kehidupan Modern

Abstract

This study aims to: Examine the concept of the soul according to Ibn Sina based on Aḥwāl al-Nafs. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research. The primary source is Ibn Sina’s Aḥwāl al-Nafs and its translation, while secondary sources include books of Qur’anic exegesis, books, and relevant scholarly journals. The data are analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method with a tafsir maudhu‘i (thematic interpretation) approach. The findings indicate that, first, Ibn Sina views human beings as consisting of two elements: the body, which is material, and the soul, which is immaterial and possesses a substance distinct from the body. His interpretation of QS. Al-Isra’ [17]: 85 indicates that the essence of the soul is a divine matter whose true nature remains concealed. Meanwhile, QS. Al-Fajr [89]: 27–30 describes the nafs al-mutma’innah as a state of spiritual perfection, while QS. Al-Waqi‘ah [56]: 7–12 indicates that the quality of the soul determines a person’s position in the Hereafter. Second, Ibn Sina classifies the soul into three levels: the vegetative soul (al-nafs al-nabatiyyah), which encompasses the faculties of nutrition, growth, and reproduction; the animal soul (al-nafs al-hayawaniyyah), which includes the faculties of locomotion and perception; and the human soul (al-nafs al-insaniyyah), characterized by rational intellect, which enables human beings to distinguish between truth and falsehood