Pemikiran Filosofis Imam Al Ghazali dan Immanuel Kant : Studi Kasus Metafisika dan Etika serta Implikasinya dalam Pendidikan Islam

Abstract

Al-Ghazâli has influenced Islamic thought and defined its practice for nearly nine centuries. Like many legal experts and philosophers, al-Ghazâli divides the universe into the transient world and the eternal hereafter. This world, or temporary existence, is subject to the will of God. It is not governed by scientific laws, but is maintained, governed, and driven by God's direct and continual intervention (rejection of causality). God is not only the creator of the universe and its attributes and laws (or the cause of existence). He is also the cause of every event in the world, great and small, past, present, and future. As a Sufi, al-Ghazâli does have a theory of ethic as a part of his theosophic discipline. Some experts consider al-Ghazâli as a Sufi figure; others also classify him as a prominent figure of philosophy. This is understandable actually, because from the books he wrote all indicate his interest on both tasawuf as well as philosophy. By considering his books Maqâsid al-Falâsifah or Tahâfut al-Falâsifah, or through his Mi’yâr al’Ilm, one would consider him as a true philosopher. But one might also come to conclude him as a real Sufi or a true mystic simply by looking at his masterpiece works such as Ihyâ al-Ulûm al-Dîn, Kitab al-Arbâ’in, and al-Munqidh min al-Dalâl.