Konsepsi Fakhūr dalam Al-Qur'an: Analisis Semantik Toshihiko Izutsu

Abstract

Indonesian Qur'anic scholarship tends to treat fakhūr as a generic synonym for arrogance and to dissolve it into discussions of riyā', takabbur, and 'ujb, thereby blurring its conceptual specificity and frequently misreporting its lexical distribution. This article reconstructs the conceptual structure of fakhūr through Toshihiko Izutsu's Qur'anic semantics basic meaning, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relational meaning, diachronic-synchronic analysis, and the reconstruction of the Qur'anic Weltanschauung while re-verifying all lexical data against al-Mu'jam al-Mufahras and primary lexicographical sources. Four findings emerge. First, the root f-kh-r occurs six times in the Qur'an, with the form fakhūr appearing only four times across four surahs (Q. 4:36; 11:10; 31:18; 57:23), while Q. 57:20 contains tafākhur and Q. 55:14 contains al-fakhkhār. Second, syntagmatically fakhūr is bound to three consistent nodes: an obligatory collocation with mukhtāl, affective instability (faraḥ-ya's), and most decisively an appositional (badal) relation to al-bukhl, as al-Zamakhsharī asserts for Q. 57:23–24 and as Q. 4:36-37 parallels. Third, diachronically the Qur'an does not negate the root f-kh-r wholesale but narrows its pejorative valence to the hyperbolic form and material referent, so that its positive derivatives survive in post-revelation Islamic tradition. Fourth, the Qur'anic Weltanschauung frames fakhūr not as a private psychological failing but as a distributive one: ostentation and avarice are two faces of a single disposition